Development and evolution of new energy and environmental protection electric coaches and their application in digital and intelligent industries

The coach car is the main production tool of the driving school. The fuel consumption caused by the purchase, maintenance and daily teaching process is one of the main costs of driving school operation. Whether the operator of the matching industry can reduce the cost of using the coach car directly affects the operational efficiency of the driving school.

Under the long-term trend of the development of smart cars in China, large-scale popularization is the future trend. However, electric coaches still have many challenges in terms of current policy environment, after-sales service and practicality. At the same time, the low-cost, environmentally-friendly, healthy, and realistic sharing of economics of electric coaches also provides drivers and school practitioners with the possibility of differentiated services and repositioning brands.

First, the development of the coach car

Drivers' school purchases of coaches are usually based on the test models of the local vehicle management office. At present, 99% of driving school coaches are fuel vehicles of Volkswagen New Jetta, Santana, Elysee and other brands, as well as a small number of "oil to gas", electric analog coaches and new energy cars. Some driving school and coach car suppliers have made a lot of explorations in order to reduce the operating cost of vehicles, which can be divided into the following categories.

(1) "Oil to Gas" coach

"Oil to gas" is a way to modify the coach's fuel type to convert the coach from the original gasoline and diesel fuel to liquefied natural gas.

Natural gas operating costs are lower than fuel vehicles. Natural gas in the engine is relatively complete and clean, and it is not easy to have carbon deposits, so engine cylinder parts are worn less, which prolongs engine life and lubricant life. The shortcoming of the "oil to gas" coach is that there is a lack of uniform technical standards, the vehicle management department can not determine its legality, and the insurance company can not measure the degree of danger after modification and customized insurance products. In addition, the cost of conversion of oil-to-gas vehicles is relatively high, and the cost of modifying a car is about 5,000 yuan. Moreover, the gas stations in cities across the country have not yet been fully popularized. There are few gas filling stations and it is more troublesome to refuel. In addition, after the “oil to gas”, the intake and emissions of the original vehicles are not balanced, resulting in an incorrect air-fuel ratio. It is very easy to report the fault code. Once the vehicle has other faults, it cannot be accurately determined. The "oil-to-gas" trainer is more suitable in areas where natural gas is more popular and the cost of use is low.

(2) Wired electric trainer

The wired electric coach uses a modified old or old car, replaces the gasoline engine with an AC motor or a DC motor, and provides a power train as a power train by a telescopic cable. Its driving performance and feeling are exactly the same as those of ordinary cars. It can be used for reverse parking, side-angle parking, right-angled bending, single-sided bridge, half-slope start and other subjects.

Advantages: 1. Low energy consumption, only 1/5 of the fuel coach; 2. Safe and reliable: beyond the storage line and end line power-off protection, beyond the 12-meter radius of power-off protection, to ensure the safety around the site.

Disadvantages: 1. There are special requirements for the site. It is necessary to install grid support. According to the technical requirements, the public ground wire should be buried and the leakage protector should be installed. 2. The original vehicle should be specially modified. 3. Only special vehicles can be used. The scope of vehicle activities is limited; 4. It is not possible to pass the annual review and the provisions of the Road Traffic Safety Law.

(C), wireless electric coach

The wireless electric coach is mainly to convert the oil-burning engine into a power system. The electric drive system mainly consists of three parts: motor, electric control and battery.

Advantages: 1. It is safe, the driving speed and level can be set freely by the system, and the wireless electric vehicle adopts the battery to do the power. It will not cause the safety accident phenomenon because the students have misplaced the gear position, thus reducing the accident of the coach car. Rate; 2, cost savings, compared to fuel consumption, low electricity costs, low maintenance costs. The electric trainer is 1 kWh per hour, 8 hours per day, less than 10 yuan a day. The general coach consumes about 15L of oil every day. According to the current oil price of 7.5 yuan, the call charge is about 112 yuan, and it goes out of operation, maintenance and wear. At the same cost, an "electric trainer" can save 70-80 yuan per day for the driving school, and each can save more than 20,000 yuan per year. Because of the small parts of the electric appliance, less wear and tear, the failure rate is 1/ of the fuel and gas engine. 10.

Disadvantages: 1. Like the oil-to-gas coach, because the modification lacks uniform technical standards, the vehicle management department and the insurance company do not recognize it; 2. It cannot pass the annual review.

(4) New energy coach

New energy coaches refer to vehicles that use unconventional vehicle fuels as a source of power, including pure electric vehicles, Chengzeng electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, and hydrogen energy engine vehicles. Electric vehicles have the highest acceptance and are also being promoted by the country.

Pure electric vehicles, as the name suggests, are mainly electric-powered cars. Most of the vehicles are driven by electric motors. Some vehicles have electric motors in the engine compartment. Some of them directly use the wheels as the rotors of four electric motors. The core is power storage technology.

Advantages: 1, cost saving, environmental protection, no fuel consumption, low cost of electricity, low maintenance costs; 2, relatively mature technology, as long as there is electricity supply can be charged; 3, can be directly on the card, no modification, and fuel vehicles The same can be recognized by the vehicle management department and the insurance company.

Disadvantages: 1. Pure electric vehicles are models with automatic gear operation. Different from the current manual transmission models of more than 90% of driving schools, it is necessary to modify the gears and idle speed functions to replace manual gears. Of course, with the progress of society, manual The actual application of the file is not extensive, and may be cancelled later. 2. Compared with the fuel car, the charging speed of the pure electric vehicle is slow, and it takes 6-8 hours to be fully charged. The charging piles in most cities are still not perfect. It is necessary to speed up the charging device by itself and the cost is high.

Throughout the development and evolution of the driving school coach, it can be seen that it is the development direction that meets the requirements of the vehicle management school and can effectively reduce energy consumption. Among them, pure electric vehicles are most likely to be popularized on a large scale.